Роҳнамо:АФБ барои ҳиндӣ ва урду

The charts below show the way in which the Алифбои Фонетикии Байналхалқӣ (АФБ) represents ҳиндӣ and урду pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Hindustani phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Hindi-Urdu. See Devanagari and Urdu alphabet for help converting Hindi and Urdu spelling to pronunciation.

Consonants IPA Hindi Urdu Approximate English equivalent k क ک sky kʰ ख کھ ache (khh sound) ɡ ग گ again ɡʱ घ گھ aghast ŋ ङ ن bank (mostly Hindi; Urdu uses [n] (ن)). tʃ च چ catch tʃʰ छ چھ choose dʒ ज ج jazz dʒʱ झ جھ hedgehog (strong jhh sound) ɲ ञ ن roughly like canyon (mostly Hindi; Urdu uses [n] (ن)). ʈ ट ٹ artist ʈʰ ठ ٹھ Thai, tarp (deeper thh sound) ɖ ड ڈ odd, depot ɖʱ ढ ڈھ adhere ɳ ण ن bunny (mostly Hindi; Urdu uses [n] (ن)). t̪ त ت، ط kite t̪ʰ थ تھ thump (dental thh sound) d̪ द د the d̪ʱ ध دھ within (as a dhh sound, tongue touches palate, strong air exhalation) n न ن not p प پ pencil pʰ फ پھ pith (phh sound) b ब ب butter bʱ भ بھ abhor m म م much j य ی yak r र ر rapture (r may be trilled) l ल ل leaf ʋ व و varies between w and v ʃ श ش shoe (light s with h sound) ʂ ष ش/س assure (strong s; no h sound) (mostly Hindi; Urdu uses either [ʃ] (ش) or [s] (س)). s स ث، س، ص sue h ह ح head q क़ ق quail (k in the throat, tongue not touching palate) (mostly Urdu; sometimes substituted for [k] (क) in Hindi) x ख़ خ Bach (kh in the throat, tongue not touching palate) (mostly Urdu; sometimes substituted for [kʰ] (ख) in Hindi) ɣ ग़ غ similar to a French r (mostly Urdu; sometimes substituted for [ɡ] (ग) in Hindi). z ज़ ذ، ز، ض، ظ zen, zero ʒ श़ ژ pleasure, seizure ɽ ड़ ڑ gourd ɽʱ ढ़ ڑھ as [ɽ] plus h; somewhat as the US: warhead or Greek rho f फ़ ف phantom, food (f sound)

Vowels IPA Hindi Urdu Approximate English equivalent ə अ, प اَ، بَ strut, but aː आ, पा آ, بَا far, heart ɪ इ, पि اِ، بِ dill, still iː ई, पी اِی، بِی feed ʊ उ, पु اُ، بُ book, took uː ऊ, पू اُو، بُو moon rɪ ऋ, पृ ری، پر Syllabic ‹r›: repaired eː ए, पे اے، بے Yale ɛː ऐ, पै اَے، بَے rain,, feign oː ओ, पो او، بو roar ɔː औ, पौ اَو، بَو know, hoe  ̃ ँ ـں nasal vowel faun ([ãː, õː], etc.) ŋ , ɲ , ɳ , n , m ,  ̃ ं ـں jungle ɦ ः ه ahead Suprasegmentals IPA ˈ stress (placed before stressed syllable) ː doubled consonant